Naatural Habitat: Gentle upland slopes, sub-irrigated slopes, well- watered drainages, lower northerly slopes.
Evergreen: Yes
Light Requirements: Full sun
Growth Rate: 1 ft. per year
20-year height: 15 ft.
Elevation Range: 2,000 - 6,000 ft.
Cold Hardiness: Zone 2 - 7
Wind Tolerance: High
Soil Preference: Wet and well drained to dry. Acidic, clay, loamy, rich, sandy. Increasingly drought tolerant as it matures.
Alkali/ Saline Soil Tolerance: Fair
Life Span: 80+ years
Minimum Annual Percip: 12 in.
Drought Tolerance: High
Windbreak Spacing: 8 - 14 ft.
Potential Pests/ Disease: Spruce gall aphid, spider mitesDeer Resistance: High
Wildlife Value: Habitat and food for birds
Photo Credit: MT Conservation Nursery