Natural Habitat: Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub habitat
Evergreen: Yes
Light Requirements: Full sun
Growth Rate: Moderate - fast
20-year height: 17 ft.Elevation Range: 3,000 - 5,000 ft.
Cold Hardiness: Zones 4 - 7
Wind Tolerance: High
Soil Preference: Loamy, moist, well drained soil Alkali/ Saline
Soil Tolerance: Fair, tolerant once established
Life Span: 60+ years
Minimum Annual Percip: 12 in. per year
Drought Tolerance: Good
Windbreak Spacing: 8 - 14 ft.
Potential Pests/ Disease: Pine tip moths, Dothistroma needle blight
Deer Resistance: Moderate
Wildlife Value: Owl roosting/ nesting habitat; Food/ habitat for birds and squirrels
Photo Credit: MT Conservation Nursery