Natural Habitat: Dry to moist forests. Valleys to subalpine and on the plains across western and central MT.
Evergreen: Yes
Light Requirements: Part shade to full sun Growth Rate: 13 - 24 in. per year
20-year height: 12 ft.
Elevation Range: 4,000 - 7,000 ft.
Cold Hardiness: Zones 4 - 6
Wind Tolerance: Moderate - high
Soil Preference: Sandy - Sandy loam, moist, well-drained, neutral or slightly acidic
Alkali/ Saline Soil Tolerance: Poor
Life Span: 80+ years
Minimum Annual Percip: 14 in.
Drought Tolerance: High, once established
Windbreak Spacing: 8 - 14 ft.
Potential Pests/ Disease: Bark beetles, Spruce budworm, Tussock moth
Deer Resistance: Low
Wildlife Value: Bird habitat and food source; Large mammal food source and shelter
Photo Credit: MT Conservation Nursery